Fashion Marketing free essay sample

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London College of Fashion Graduate Certificate in Fashion Marketing FEEDBACK SHEET Unit Title Principles of Fashion Marketing Credit Rating 20 Staff Responsible Edwin Phiri STUDENT: A A Haseeb Uddin Project/Assignment title Marketing Plan Level 3H – Graduate Learning outcomes Define marketing concepts and their significance in contemporary fashion marketing †¢ Identify and explain fashion marketing segmentation targeting and positioning †¢ Critically evaluate consumer buying behaviour and the marketing approaches developed to meet consumer requirements †¢ Describe and explain the role of fashion public relations and other promotional techniques in communicating fashion to consumers †¢ Grade Feedback against Learning outcomes Outstanding definitions of marketing concepts and their significance in contemporary fashion clearly discussed in the report Excellent discussion regarding segmentation, targeting and positioning techniques for the selected range. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Outstanding information supplied and discussed in relation to market approaches in order to meet the consumer requirements. Very good information illustrated in the report regarding communicating with customers 86% / Distinction Additional comments: Haseeb, you have presented a very well balanced report between theory and practised that was a marvel to read. You have made specific, clear and what seems to viable and achievable suggestions and backed them with the relevant facts and figures. The standard of writing is very good and the discussion is easy to follow punctuated by headings and sub-headings to guide the reader. Harvard style was well used. Tutor’s signature (Edwin Phiri) Date 19 June 2006 IV signature where applicable Marketing Plan Exploring the potential of Children’s Wear Online Retailing in Pakistan By Abu Adham Haseeb Uddin Tutor: Edwin Phiri Principles of Fashion Marketing Graduation Certificate in Fashion Marketing London College of Fashion Marketing Plan for Retailing in Pakistan Online Children Wear Online Introduction: The application of a range of techniques and a business philosophy that centres upon the customer and potential customer of clothing and clothing related product, promoting a lifestyle and services is called fashion marketing (Easey, 2003). Likewise, the management of the objectives set to be achieved by the means of advertising and other promotional activates for fashion can also be defined as fashion marketing (McDonald, Dunbar, 1995). Fashion Marketing according to Morden (1995) is the most important managerial task within the organization of understanding the needs of the customer in the marketing in the light of fashion context (Morden, 1995). Looking reflexively into the above statements, fashion marketing is dominant and regards the designer or marketer as someone who must respond to the specification of customer requirement as established by marketing research. It is also argued that marketing constraints have strangled the creative aspects of design (Easey, 2003). Identifying a marketing opportunity requires extensive research in the target area of the proposed plan. Any action taken must start from an understanding of the market, and must work back from this to production. The first step in establishing a sustainable buyerseller partnership is therefore to establish the level of demand for the product, and to confirm that this demand will not disappear at least in the short term (Morden, 1995). The usage of Internet has revolutionalized the companies approach to target their customers and offer product in a more accessible way. Internet is now an essential element of every individual, who intends to work efficiently and resourcefully. The Internet has extensively changed the way people live or contemplate their lifestyle. In the recent years, online retailing has become an important channel of promotion and 1 of 15 distribution to fragmented markets. The Online retailing has proved to be more effective and more profitable approach for every kind of business. Similarly, Internet marketing has had a large impact on several industries including the fashion industry all over the world (Smith, Chaffey, 2001). The Internet has also become an indispensable tool in the fashion-marketing context. The use of the Internet has allowed fashion brands/retailers to establish a presence on the World Wide Web prior to a potential future transactional website. The Internet allows companies to penetrate into international, even global market without the costs associated with this strategy. Many children wear fashion houses (Mother Care, MS, Johnson Johnsons, etc) have crossed international boundaries and therefore provide opportunities for international marketing communications for global fashion brands (Easey, 2003). â€Å"A rapidly growing number of consumers are online and while there, many are shopping and buying. Even so, the sentiment surrounding e-retailing has gone from one of all blue skies and unlimited possibility to one that may more accurately reflect the business realities of e-retelling’s future. E etailing has become an accepted mode of retailing† (Whitfield, 2003). Online retailing is a type of marketing that can be defined as achieving objectives through the use of electronic communications technology such as Internet, e-mail, E-Books, database, and mobile phone. It is a more general term than online marketi ng, which is limited to the use of Internet technology to attain marketing objectives (Yips, 1989). 2 of 15 Marketing Proposal The Marketing Plan Aims to develop an online retailing model based of the marketing mix focusing on the customer (people), channel/online retailing content (place), cost effectiveness (price) and promotion (online and offline). The essence of this proposed model is based on the idea that it will create increased revenue and cost effectiveness for both consumer and the online fashion e retailing in Pakistan. The fashion marketing mix is the range of variables that can be controlled by the fashion marketer to meet the needs of buyer’s profitability. The marketing mix is getting the right product to the chosen market segment at the correct time, in the right place, and for the right price (Easey, 2003). Morden (1995) discusses Marketing mix as the combination of detailed strategies; tactics; operational policies, programmes, techniques and activities, to which resources may be allocated such that the company’s marketing objective can be achieved. The marketing plan focuses to implement an Online Retailing model to a Children Wear and accessories outlet for the age group of 0 – 6 . The marketing plan encompasses, from online shopping to the delivery of the product. In 1998, census conducted by the Government of Pakistan resulted that Pakistan’s total population then was approximately 134 million. However with in the next eight years, the population growth rate per annum came to an average of 2. 75% resulting in an approximate present population of Pakistan to 158 million. Out of the 158 million population of Pakistan, on average, a total of 13% of population belongs to the age group of 0 – 6. This results in almost 20. 4 million children who are living in the urban areas of Pakistan only (Federal Bureau of Statistics Pakistan, 2004). This only gives us a rough idea as how lucrative the business model may be ascertained and the potential this market possesses. According to the All Pakistan Internet 3 of 15 Association, by the end of 2005, the individual Internet usage has topped more then 8 million users all over Pakistan, at more then 109 destination (APIA, 2005). In the past few years, online retailing has had a successful penetration as a marketing tool in Pakistan. Initially the online retailing sector was used by the banking sector only. But in the past two years, the online marketing is penetrating in other businesses. Most of the companies, which are using the Internet as a marketing tool, are from the Automobiles, Electronics or service-based industry. None of the Fashion related companies have been using the Internet for online retailing or at least for the marketing of their products. However, a niche segment of the Internet users of Pakistan, look online for new fashion products but because of scarcity of Fashion House Website’ unavailability, they have to look into fashion houses in different countries. Even though the Internet usage in Pakistan is now constantly increasing day by day, people have not been able to successfully take complete advantage of the facility. The online retailing is Pakistan has yet to be explored especially in the discipline of Fashion Marketing. The retailers’ use of Internet as marketing and retailing tool has given them a great leap in their advancements. Because of the Internet, the retailers can make a huge cost difference in marketing and selling their products. The most ideal feature for the details is that the Internet has ended all geographical boundaries (Morden, 1995). Online retailing is similar to agricultural-age marketing, with direct recurring relationships between consumer and producer but with lower costs (Sheth, J. N. , Sisodia, R. and Sharma, A. 2000). 4 of 15 Environmental Analysis of the Proposal In order that marketing activities such segmentation, targeting and positioning are carried out effectively and efficiently, the company needs to make an analysis of the environmental in which it operates. This is called the environmental analysis. The company has an internal (micro) and external (macro) environment. Factor with in the internal environment can be easily controlled or manipulated by the company to suit its immediate control and are therefore are termed as ‘uncontrollable factors’ and quite unpredictable therefore constant monitoring and evaluation is important (Morden, 1995). SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is the micro level environmental analysis tool which assesses the internal factors that would affect its marketing activities and there for competitive position. Morden (1995) discusses SWOT analysis as a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT Analysis considers both internal and external factors about either the whole company or a particular fashion product line or range in relation to customers, competitors and trends in the marketing environment (Easey, 2003). The identification of the key strategic issues is one of the most outcomes of the SWOT analysis, which is later, fed particularly in marketing objectives to achieve the goals. Strengths The retailing model that has been proposed, is already working in Karachi in the shape of children wear and accessories outlet. The business is being operated successfully for the past 15 years. This gives an extreme amount of experience broadly, as what are the products, which are required to fulfil the needs of children of the age group of 0 – 6. The available experience will help jumpstart the categorization of the products from the daily usage commodities to products used occasionally and used on special occasions. 5 of 15 Since the business has been in successful operation for the past 15 years, a strong customer loyalty has been established. In addition, none of the other fashion houses in Pakistan are using the internet as marketing or retailing tool, therefore it gives an advantage as the first to use the technology in the Fashion Market of Pakistan. In order to minimize internal and external threats, measures will be taken to offer more wider range of products, better quality of the products and low pricing will be introduced. Weakness Specifically in Karachi, there are many outlets who deal exclusively in children wear and accessories. Therefore pricing and delivery of the product are addressable issues. It is very interesting to find out that Online Retailing in Pakistan is now being used more then ever it has been, however shopping over the Internet has not been accepted in the general public domain due to some logistical factors. These logistical factors include the delivery of the products to the consumers and most importantly, less number of people holding Credit or Debit Cards, which can be used over the internet. How ever measures such as setting up a delivery procedure and an alternative payment method may be inducted to address such issues. Opportunities Even though the Internet usage in Pakistan (especially in Karachi) is now constantly increasing day by day, people have not been able to successfully take advantage of the facility. Very few companies in Pakistan have shown interest in setting up any electronic form of marketing and selling approach. The Apparel industry in Pakistan has hardly used the Internet as a form of marketing tool. The Online Retailing concept has yet to be explored in Pakistan, especially in the fashion industry. Currently there are many individual outlets in Karachi, who deals in the retailing of Children Wear and Accessories and some of them also have chain of outlets in Karachi and some urban areas of Pakistan. Even having chain of retail outlets, none of them 6 of 15 provide services to the customers such as online retailing or delivery services. Where as the proposed plan, provides both from shopping online to the delivery of the products. If the proposed plan is success in Karachi, it shows significant evidence that it can be expanded to other urban cities of Pakistan too. Therefore an opportunity to expand the business to the rest of the Pakistan exists. Threats As mentioned above, other business retailers in Pakistan who also specializes in the children wear and accessories are also operating, (in some cases, more then one city in Pakistan) they can be of a direct threat even when they are conducting their business offline, as they may offer competitive pricing and offers. Therefore it is very important to keep a close watch as what are they offering to their customers and at what price. 7 of 15 PEST Analysis The PEST Analysis is the acronym for Political, Economical, Social and Legal factors which is concerned with the environmental influences on a business. Identifying the PEST influences is a very useful way of summarising the external environment in which a business operates. How ever, it must be followed up by consideration of how a business should respond to these influences (Morden, 1995). Although the business is already established as a retail outlet in Karachi, PEST analysis may influence the implementation of the proposal. Political and Economical Environment: Even the textile and apparel sector of Pakistan are the main export products of Pakistan, a number of products (especially children accessories) are imported from other parts of the world. The national and local government policy changes can have effect over availability and the pricing of the products which will be imported from other countries. The financial health of the economy and other economic factors can have direct impact over the spending of the customers. Therefore once again, the pricing policy of the product will be required to review as the economical and political factors change. Legal Environment: Legal restriction and legislation can play a very important role in profitability of any business. Therefore the legal issues may be taken into account before executing the proposed plan (Morden, 1995). The legal issues majorly include purchase licence of Telecommunication and server equipment, for which the respective department of the Government of Pakistan shall be contacted. Since the proposed business is already in operation complying with all the legal obligations to operate, therefore no others legal issues should be of concern. 8 of 15 Technological: Technological factors can provide both threats and opportunities. Organizations are expected to keep up to date with changes and new equipments (Easey, 2003). One of the most technological factors that can pose a threat is that the overall Internet and telecommunication Infrastructure in Pakistan is weak, which might result in connectivity problems from the end user to the onlin

Allan Pinkerton and His Detective Agency

Allan Pinkerton and His Detective Agency Allan Pinkerton (1819-1884) never intended to be a spy. So how did he become the founder of one of the most respected detective agencies in America?   Immigrating to America Born in Scotland, August 25, 1819, Allan Pinkerton was a cooper, or barrel-maker.. He immigrated to the United States in 1842 and settled near Chicago, Illinois. He was an industrious man and quickly realized that working for himself would be a much better proposition for himself and family. After some searching, he moved to a town called Dundee that was in need of a cooper and quickly gained control of the market because of his superior quality barrels and low prices. His desire to continually improve his business actually led him down the path to being a detective. Catching Counterfeiters Allan Pinkerton realized that good quality raw materials for his barrels were easily obtained on a small deserted island close to town. He decided that instead of paying others to provide him with the materials, he would travel to the island and get it himself. However, once he got to the island, he saw signs of habitation. Knowing that there were some counterfeiters in the area, he surmised this could be the hideout that had long eluded officials. He teamed up with the local sheriff to stake out the camp. His detective work led to the arrest of the band. The local townspeople then turned to him for help in arresting the ringleader of the band. His natural abilities eventually allowed him to track down the culprit and bring the counterfeiters to justice. Founding His Own Detective Agency In 1850, Allan Pinkerton founded his detective agency based on his own incorruptible principles. His values became the cornerstone of a respected agency that still exists today. His reputation preceded him during the Civil War. He headed the organization responsible for spying on the confederacy. At wars end, he went back to running the Pinkerton Detective Agency until his death on July 1, 1884. At his death the agency continued to operate and would soon become a major force against the young labor movement developing in the United States of America. In fact, this effort against labor tarnished the image of the Pinkertons for years. They always maintained the high moral standards established by their founder, but many people began to view them as an arm of big business. They were involved in numerous activities against labor and during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Pullman Strike (1894)The Wild Bunch Gang (1896)Ludlow Massacre (1914) Many labor sympathizers accused the Pinkertons of inciting riots as a means of keeping employment or for other nefarious purposes. Their reputation was harmed by their protection of scabs and business property of the major industrialists including Andrew Carnegie. However, they managed to last through all of the controversy and still thrive today as SECURITAS.

Quality Assurance Program for Moose Winooskis Restaurnat Essay

Quality Assurance Program for Moose Winooskis Restaurnat - Essay Example However, merely philosophizing about the importance of strategy or publishing statements of management's support of the notion is not enough. Moose Winooski's has introduced quality assurance programs aimed to improve service quality, sustain strong brand image and leading position of the market. In Moose Winooski's, Quality Assurance (QA) programs involve all departments and employees. What is required is a business process to aid organizations in focusing their total quality efforts on issues that most directly support strategy. By focusing on the quality strategy, Moose Winooski's makes significant progress toward the overall goal of increasing customer satisfaction. Organizationally, QA can be seen as a new philosophy of business and a part of culture (Goetsch and Davis 2003). A proper balance of these actions results in working more effectively together toward increasing overall quality. Moose Winooski's there is a need to adopt quality as a business strategy whereby workers would enjoy the working environment and be proud of the resulting products or services. Part of achieving this result is encouraging and managing the participation of these workers in their day-to-day jobs (Goetsch and Davis 2003). For instance, the standards of the company are based three keys: 'pe rformance, support and innovation' (Moose Tracks 2007). At the organizational level, QA programs are determined by careful planning, control and feedback mechanisms. Personally, QA means commitment and high level of responsibilities, sense of belonging and support for success, effective teamwork and positive culture. Moose Winooski's states that: "our goals, passions, and values are the foundation of Moose Winooski's, and the source of six principles that guide out behavior and the conduct of our business: hospitality, respect, fairness, fun, sharing, and courage" (Moose Tracks 2007). There are no differences in view points because in Moose Winooski's, management provides leadership and direction to each level of the organization. The key is to provide each function with a clear understanding of its specific role in implementing organizational strategy. Each member of Moose Winooski's is then in a position to offer and implement suggestions and process improvements specifically designed to support the strategy (Goetsch and Davis 2003). With a shared understanding of the strategy and quality assurance management more effectively and efficiently manage organizational efforts. Managers are responsible for providing active leadership to the organization. This includes providing feedback, encouragement, constructive criticism, and discipline so that a pervasive, well-understood success paradigm exists and all team members know their expected role. Employees in Moose Winooski's are responsible for fully participating in the strategy development process. They then embrac e the resulting plans and do their part to implement them fully. Finally, they should approach their day-to-day job in a way that supports the organization's goals (Marath and Turnbull, 1998). QA programs are designed to link with organization's goals and strategies, vision and aims. In general, QA programs are based on four main functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. There are very clear and distinct roles for both managers and employees

Analyis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyis - Essay Example His tempers during the play make him so bitter and emotional making him do and say things without thinking of the consequences. Hamlet’s father’s death is the reason behind him acting all crazy and angry. He is planning to revenge for the death of his father, so his acting crazy is actually part of the plan. However, his antic disposition leads him into making very insane decisions, which may prevent him from administering his initial plan. As he is making sure he makes it believable that he is mad, some of his actions mess up his plans, and he has to work towards making it possible. After the death of King Hamlet, his father, he immediately starts acting all crazy. This was also powered by the fact that Hamlet did not get a chance to mourn his father. He was supposed to accept the news and carry on with life. Hamlet could not come into terms with the fact that his father was dead, and it seemed so fine. He was actually not allowed to mourn at all. His mother and uncle would say heartbreaking things to him, and this would make him feel so bad. His Uncle Claudius then married his mother and they carried on with life so well like nothing had happened. These events happen so fast and Hamlet cannot really understand why his father died, and why his mother moved on so fast with no pain of loss. He is therefore distracted from that moment and starts his antic disposition. ... He even threatens Marcellus and Horatio that he will kill them if they do not let him go. They finally agree to let him leave but follow him closely. The ghost seen by Hamlet is the first thing that proves his insanity through his antic disposition. Hamlet decides to follow the ghost to wherever he will be led to; ignoring the fact that he can be exposing himself to great danger. Hamlet’s antic disposition starts to practically control his mind when he decides to follow the ghost. He does not realize that he is risking his life by doing that, and this shows that he is actually going mad. It could be impossible for Hamlet to follow the ghost without realizing the risk if he was sane. This action thus marks the beginning of a series of events that are controlled by his antic disposition, which could lead to actual insanity. According to Marcellus, the appearance of the ghost meant that there was something very wrong with the state of Denmark. It meant that the worst was about to happen. Hamlet’s antic disposition would not allow his mind to think straight and figure out why the ghost was there. Instead, he was so curious, anxious and eager to finding out what the ghost had to say. In that case, Hamlet did not prepare himself for what would become of the ghost’s visit. A lady by the name Ophelia was the love target for Hamlet. He showed love to her and spent as much time with her as he could. He would assure her of his love towards her and give her promises. Ophelia was so excited by the fact that the prince of Denmark loved her. She was always there for him, to listen to and make him happy. She was fully convinced that Hamlet was in love with her, but later her father and brother told

The Last Supper by Andrea del Castagno, Leonardo, Tintoretto Essay

The Last Supper by Andrea del Castagno, Leonardo, Tintoretto - Essay Example The essay "The Last Supper by Andrea del Castagno, Leonardo, Tintoretto" compares three paintings - Andrea del Castagno, The Last Supper,1447; Leonardo, The Last supper, 1495-98; Tintoretto, The Last Supper, 1594. Del Castagno’s painting is one of the most distinct. It has a flat style, sharp angles and corners. All of this is in contrast with predominant style during the renaissance. This painting has no motion, no movement, and creates the sense in the viewer that they are looking into a sunken set of figurines. This static portrayal of Christ reinforces his importance historically. There is also something that recalls a Roman fresco about the piece, which also reinforces Christ as a historical figure set into a particular time and place, with historical importance. Da Vinci’s rendition of the last supper does not attempt to depict Christ in historical lights. This image attempts to cast Christ in a more human light. Da Vinci's last supper does not give Christ any par ticular sign of super-humanness, with only the wisp of a cloud suggesting a halo. Christ is given a position of importance, taking up the central portion of the image almost in its entirety, but there is nothing else that would overly separate him from the apostles. His clothing is similar in form and colour, he is not placed above the rest, nor does he have any sign of super-human lighting. Overall Da Vinci’s image depicts Christ in his humanity, reinforcing his human side and diminishing the supernatural.

Unethical Marketing Research Practices

Unethical Marketing Research Practices Practices in relation to proposals constitute a breach of professionalism, courtesy and ethics, research managers should understand that, Examples of common faults: Added consulting services prior to winning the assignment, expecting the research company to provide value Developing research instruments and special exercises and providing customized local market information. These may include project design, However, it is wrong to make this an expectation., the research company may wish to supply some of these services to place themselves in a better competitive position; In order to place the second in a better competitive position, disclosing details of one Research Companys proposal to another Company information and pricing structure the research companys approach should be treated as proprietary and confidential. Research managers should not use another company as a lever or check on a regular supplier, seeking comparison bids without charge Evaluating Research The process of vendor selection can sometimes become derailed by individual egos and political dynamics which are harmful to successful study execution and should be avoided, the research manager typically must review them with senior research, brand and marketing management. The consultants personal qualities including their level of enthusiasm, poise and professionalism as well as the skills and professional capabilities offered by the research company, primary criteria that should be applied in the selection process are the fit between the projects substantive requirements and the research manager should be certain that the proposals offered are equivalent in all respects, particularly in terms of specifications and possible hidden costs not apparent in the quotation Unethical Practices in Marketing RESEARCH SUPPLIERS Low-ball pricing Underpaying field services Lack of objectivity Abuse of respondents Selling unnecessary research Violating client confidentiality Research Clients Issuing bid requests when a supplier has been predetermined Obtaining free advice and methodology via bid requests Making false promises Unauthorized requests for proposals Field Services Law-ball Pricing What Is Low Balling the Price When Buying Car? Car dealers are often stereotyped as tricky and dishonest, and the car buying experience is viewed as an adversarial contest between the customer and salesperson. While its not always that way, there are some dishonest dealerships and salespeople who will use unethical practices to sell their cars. One of these practices is known as lowball. Not every dealer will use it, but you should be aware of it in case someone tries it. If they do, you should know how to handle it. Lowball the price of a car means offering to sell it at an unrealistically low price. For example, a car dealer might offer you a vehicle for $27,000 even though it normally sells for a minimum of $30,000. Unfortunately, the dealer has no intention of actually selling the car at that price. Its an underhanded tactic to get you through the door. There are two purposes for giving you a lowball offer. If you are shopping around, Roosevelt Gist of Auto Network says a salesperson will give a lowball price to ensure that you will come back. He knows that no other dealer will be able to meet the offer, so he wants to guarantee your return. He wont give you anything in writing, and when you return he wont honor the price. Youll get an excuse like you misunderstood or the sales manager wouldnt approve it or the car has been sold. Instead, youll find yourself back in negotiations. The second purpose is to get you into the dealership if you have not been there yet. If you are shopping via email or over the phone, the dealer may call you with a price that sounds too good to be true. When you arrive, he wont honor the price. It may seem that lowball would turn off buyers, but some dealers get good results with this tactic. If youre shopping over the phone or via email and he can get you through the door, he hopes that you wont want to be bothered shopping around at other dealers. If he can get you to do a test drive and engage you in negotiations, he hopes to make a sale. If youre already at the dealership after shopping around, he is counting on the fact that you are tired and will give in to the higher price. The best reaction when you have been lowballs to simply walk out the door. Once you see the dealer has no intention of honoring the price, youll also see that he is not above using dishonest tactics. Its better to spending more time shopping around than to deal with an unethical business. You can prevent lowball by asking the salesperson to put his offer in writing if it sounds unusually low. If he makes the offer over the phone, ask him to send you an email or fax you a written confirmation before you visit the dealership. If he refuses to do this, dont bother going to the dealership. Youve probably gotten a lowball offer that will not be honored when you arrive. Lake of Objectivity How to Avoid Unethical Behaviors and Dirty Tricks of Realtors Since the commissions of the Real Estate Agent are being paid by the seller of the house a buyer cannot relay on his objectivity or impartial conduct, like in many professions and occupations there are honest and ethical people and there are some who arent exactly as since without a buyer there is no deal, the seller can expect the agent to exert pressure to lower the selling price. Therefore he would do anything in his power to make the buyer pay more than he wanted and on the other hand (the good hand :-), push the seller to settle for less than he hoped to be paid for his property. In short, the agents main interest is to make sure that there would be a sale, so he would be able to get his commission , what we would concentrate here though, is the unethical dirty tricks and manipulations some of the Real Estate agents are using in order to achieve it. In general it make sense to bring both sides to agree on realistic price that can cut a deal Misconduct of Agents to Seller The sellers are the biggest losers from the real estate agents tricks Home owners are often duped into paying money to agents before their homes are sold. If their home does not sell, or it sells for less than the consumer was led to believe, this money, which often amounts to thousands of dollars, is lost. Purpose of advertising is NOT to sell homes, but to raise the profile of agents; this is at the direct expense of home sellers. Home sellers are being convinced by a rational that the price goes up at auctions but the reason the price goes up at auction is because it starts at a very low price. The truth is that auctions get lower prices more often than they get higher prices. Among agents, an auction is considered the fastest and best conditioning method. Home Owners lose millions through having their homes undersold at auctions.. It is a common deceit. At other times, home sellers are given totally fictitious offers in order to convince them to lower prices, many agents submit offers to sellers which are lower than the offer actually made by the buyers. This reckless disregard for the personal safety of home-owners is a serious ethical concern. Open Inspections, Almost anyone can walk through a family home without identification. Agents will say that there has been lots of activity and, if no one has bought, the price must be lowered. But agents do not say that the people who looked were not qualified Also, the more lookers who can be attracted to an open inspection the easier it is to persuade the owner to reduce the price. Abuse of Respondents Often, an association and its members will have already heard rumors or seen patterns of wrongdoing before a crisis becomes public. By choosing to do nothing then-or even after a scandal breaks-associations have failed their professions and industries. Leadership and quick action to shore up public trust is needed. I am convinced that many associations have failed their professions and industries in times of scandal and crisis. But what should an association do when one or more of its members is waist-deep in a public scandal? Here are a few suggestions: Condemn the sin, not the sinner. Public confidence in a profession or industry demands that the profession always be ready to draw clear lines between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. It is possible to make a strong and timely statement on the ethics of a specific behavior without judging whether the particular behavior has occurred in this case or whether a specific executive is guilty. The first response of an association must be to label the unethical behavior for what it is Ask the accused to step aside. It should be an unwritten law of associations and professional societies that accused individuals step aside temporarily until charges are resolved. The credibility of any association depends on the integrity of its leaders. This does not admit guilt, but simply respects the special role of the association. Pull the trigger if guilt is established. If the guilt of an individual or member firm is established, then the association must act to force the resignation or withdraw the membership of the guilty. Cases where guilt is never proven, but the stench of scandal is strong, present harder choices. Associations must be in the business of building public trust. Quiet action to force the resignation of an association board member may be called for. If an association today does not have a process for throwing out a member, it had better create one. Define and advocate best ethical practices, not just minimum behaviors. Association codes designed to define and advocate exemplary rather than minimal behaviors. In todays ethical climate, restoring trust will require a focus on best practices and exemplary behavior If only the lower boundary is established, those inclined to wrongdoing will always be probing how low is low, most association and industry codes of ethical conduct are least common denominators, a list of provisions that virtually every member can agree to because the standards are so low Keep your ethics current with the changing nature of your profession or industry. Ethical norms codified by the firms and their associations in the past addressed problems of a simpler time. Only through visionary action and timely debate on new ethical issues facing the profession or industry will public credibility and trust be sustained The ethical failures in the accounting, financial services, health care, and telecommunications industries can in part be attributed to the rapidly changing structure and altered characteristics of those industries Selling unnecessary Research Admittedly, people assume different approaches to managing their visibility. On the contrary, years of BSRP research finds that in our culture, if you want to get paid what youre worth, its essential. Doing whatever you can to direct attention to the competencies you have, and contributions you make, is not inherently wrong or evil. Some are narcissistic and vain but not necessarily unethical. However, there are some people who plainly do not subscribe to conventional rule of conduct. To them, for example, the rhetoric of principles, values and integrity only serves as an additional device which can be used to scam others. Their unrestrained behavior taints ethical self-projection for everyone. They may be tedious and boring, but they are not necessarily unethical. The result is a catalog of twenty-two behavioral tools unethical self-promoters tend to use. How many have you experienced? Well intended people are content to practice appropriate self-presentation, when they can, moderated by a sense of honor, respect for the truth and prudent regard for the feelings of others For 30 years we have been observing those devices in use, especially as they are used by salespeople, managers, executives, ex-clergy, consultants, psychologists, and others. Violating Client Confidentiality Temptation grows stronger when were tired, afraid, under pressure, or in conflict all of us face the human temptation to duck important ethical responsibilities. By making what we know or suspect is unethical seem perfectly ethical. Common cognitive strategies can fool us They can spin the most questionable behaviors into ethical ideals. The most common ethical fallacies rely on twisted judgment, appealing fallacies, and juggled language. To restate a major theme of this book: We believe that the overwhelming majority of psychologists are conscientious, caring individuals, committed to ethical behavior. We also believe that all of us are fallible, no one is perfect in all areas at all times, and we all share vulnerabilities at one time or another to at least a few of these ethical justifications. What sorts of cognitive maneuvers can transform unethical behavior into the ethical ideal? Many of the justifications below appeared in previous editions of this book, and some were added when the list appeared in Here are a few. We encourage readers to expand the list. Unethical not as long as a managed care administrator or insurance case reviewer required or suggested it. Unethical not what sorts of cognitive maneuvers can transform unethical behavior into the ethical ideal? if the American Psychological Association or similar organization allows it. Unethical not if an ethics code never mentions the concept, term, or act Unethical not as long as any law was broken. If someone discovers that our c.v. is full of degrees we never earned, positions we never held, and awards we never received, all we need do is non defensively acknowledge that mistakes were made and its time to move on Its not unethical as long as we can name others who do the same thing. unethical not if we can use the passive voice and look ahead. Its not unethical as long as we didnt mean to hurt anyone. unethical not even if our acts have caused harm as long as the person we harmed had it coming, provoked us, deserved it, was really asking for it, or practically forced us to do it or, failing that, has not behaved perfectly, is in some way unlikable, or is acting unreasonably. without any doubt whatsoever that exactly what we did was the necessary and sufficient proximate cause of harm to the client and that the client would otherwise be free of all physical and psychological problems. Its not unethical as long as there is no body of universally accepted, methodologically perfect (i.e., without any flaws, weaknesses, or limitations) studies showing -, difficulties, or challenges. Its not unethical if we could not (or did not) anticipate the unintended consequences of our acts. For example, it may seem as if a therapist who has submitted hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of bogus insurance claims for patients he never saw might have behaved unethically. Its not unethical if we acknowledge the importance of judgment, consistency, and context. : It was simply an error in judgment, completely inconsistent with the high ethics manifest in every other part of the persons life, and insignificant in the context of the unbelievable good that this person does. However, as attorneys and others representing such professionals often point out Use of professional Respondents Unethical Behavior Its Impact on Todays Workplace Such unethical behaviors include a wide variety of different activities. Among the most common unethical business behaviors of employees are making long-distance calls on business lines, duplicating software for use at home, falsifying the number of hours worked, or much more serious and illegal practices, such as embezzling money from the business, or falsifying business records. Though there is sometimes a difference between behaviors that are unethical and activities that are actually illegal, it is up to the business itself to decide how it deals with unethical behavior legal or not. It is a sad truth that the employees of just about every business, in every business, will occasionally encounter team members who are taking part in unethical behaviors. After all, unethical behavior that is not illegal frequently falls in a grey area between right and wrong that make it difficult to decide what to do when it is encountered. Many employees find that discovering unethical behavior among co-workers actually tests their own values and ethical behaviors. For example, some people feel that it is alright to tell a little white lie, or to make one long distance call on the companys nickel, as long as they can justify it in their mind. Furthermore, different people have different views regarding what is ethical and what is unethical. Employee needs to consider how s/he feels about that particular activity, as well as informing about that activity, or turning a blind eye. When employees discover other employees doing something that they know is wrong by the companys standards, their own sense of what is right and what is wrong instantly comes into question The first step is to create a company policy, in writing, that is read and signed by each employee. This erases most feelings of ambiguity when it comes to deciding what to do after witnessing an unethical behavior Should the employee speak to the individual directly, or should the employee head directly to a company supervisor? Even by deciding to do something about it, the employee who has discovered the unethical behavior is presented with a number of difficult choices. To make this decision a bit easier, many companies have adopted several techniques that allow for the management of unethical activities. With clear instructions, there will be less hesitation in reporting unethical activities, and then they can be dealt with quickly and relatively easily, before they develop into overwhelming issues the second is to give a clear outline of what is expected of the person who has discovered the unethical behavior. It should include the person who should be contacted, and how to go about doing it. Furthermore, the repercussions of unethical behaviors should be clearly stated. both the person doing the activity, and the witness to the activity will be well aware of the way that things will be dealt with, and there wont be any risk of someone not reporting unethical behavior because theyre afraid that the culprit will be unfairly treated. Communication is key in the proper management of unethical behavior in todays workplace. RESOURCES Hagan, F. (2000). Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology. Boston: Allyn Bacon. Lasley, J. (1999). Essentials of Criminal Justice and Criminological Research. NJ: Prentice Hall Neuman, L. B. Wiegand. (2000). Criminal Justice Research Methods. Boston: Allyn Bacon. Reynolds, P. (1982). Ethics and Social Science Research. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Senese, J. (1997). Applied Research Methods in Criminal Justice. Chicago: Nelson Hall. Not an official webpage of APSU, copyright restrictions apply, see Megalinks in Criminal Justice OConnor, T. (Date of Last Update at bottom of page). In Part of web cited (Windows name for file at top of browser), MegaLinks in Criminal Justice. Retrieved from http://www.apsu.edu/oconnort/rest of URL accessed on todays date.

RFID Tagging :: essays research papers

RFID, which is radio frequency identification, uses tiny tags that contain a processor and an antenna and can communicate with a detecting device. RFID is intended to have many applications with supply chain and inventory control to be the drivers of utilization. RFID has been around for a long time. During World War II, RFIDs were used to identify friendly aircraft. Today, they are used in wireless systems, for example, the E-Z passes you see on the turnpikes. The major problem until recently has been cost for RFIDs. Tags have been at a cost of 50 cents, which makes it hard to utilize or really unusable for low priced items. A company based out of California called Alien Technology has invented tags for less than 10 cents a piece on large mass runs. The major benefit expected from RFID is its potential for revolutionizing the supply chain management, but RFID could have many applications, ranging from payment collections on highways, to finding lost kids in amusement parks, to prev enting cell phones from being stolen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The RFID tag itself is about the size of a pinhead or grain of sand. The tag includes an antenna and a chip that contains an electronic product code. Industry professionals expect the RFID tag to eventually replace the barcode as identification system of choice. The electronic product code stores much more information than a regular bar code that is capable of storing information like when and where the product was made, where the components come from, and when they might perish. Unlike barcodes, which needs a line-of-sight to be read, RFIDs do not need a line-of-sight. There are two types of RFID tags call active and passive. An active tag uses its own battery power to contact the reader. It works greater distance than passive tags, but has a drawback because of the larger size. A passive tag does not require a battery, but it derives its power from the electromagnetic field created by the signal from the RFID reader. This generates enough power for the tag to re spond to the reader with its information, while the range is smaller than active tags, having no battery make the tags useful life almost unlimited and the size much smaller than active tags. In any event, the key feature of the technology is the ability for an RFID-tagged object to be tracked instantly from anywhere in the world, provided that the reader is in range.